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三峡工程

the Three Gorges project

水利部、国家发展改革委公布，三峡工程日前完成整体竣工验收全部程序。

China's Ministry of Water Resources and the National Development and Reform Commission announced the official full completion of the project's construction, saying it has met all design requirements, has a good overall performance, and fulfills the key roles of flood control, electricity generation, shipping and water-resource utilization.

水利部、国家发展改革委公布，三峡工程建设任务全面完成，工程质量满足规程规范和设计要求，运行持续保持良好状态，防洪、发电、航运、水资源利用等综合效益全面发挥。

2020年11月1日，“国之重器”三峡工程完成整体竣工验收。图片来源：新华社

【知识点】

三峡工程（the Three Gorges project）全称为长江三峡水利枢纽工程。整个工程包括一座混凝重力式大坝（concrete gravity structure），泄水闸（sluice gate），一座堤后式水电站（hydropower station at dam toe），一座永久性通航船闸（navigation lock）和一架升船机（lifter）。

三峡工程建筑由大坝、水电站厂房和通航建筑物三大部分组成。大坝坝顶总长3035米，坝高185米。

三峡工程是迄今为止世界上规模最大的水利枢纽工程（the world's biggest water conservancy project）和综合效益最广泛的水电工程（a hydropower project with widespread benefits）。

监测表明，拦河大坝及泄洪消能（flood drainage）、引水发电（water diversion and power generation）、通航（navigation）及茅坪溪防护工程等主要建筑物工作性态正常，机电系统及设备、金属结构设备运行安全稳定。

▌防洪

By the end of August, the dam had held back 180 billion cubic meters of water during flood seasons. It saw inflows of over 70,000 cubic meters per second in 2010, 2012 and this year and reduced flood peaks by about 40 percent, the review said, greatly easing flood-control pressure in downstream rice-growing areas.至2020年8月底，三峡水库累计拦洪总量超过1800亿立方米。2010年、2012年、2020年入库最大洪峰均超过70000立方米每秒，经过水库拦蓄，削减洪峰约40%，极大减轻了长江中下游稻米产区防洪压力。

▌发电

The world's largest hydropower station, the dam had generated over 1.35 trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity by August, contributing to electricity supply in Central and East China and in Guangdong province.三峡电站是世界上总装机容量最大的水电站。截至2020年8月底，三峡电站累计发电量超过1.35万亿千瓦时，有力支持了华东、华中、广东等地区电力供应。

▌水资源利用

During dry seasons, discharges have been raised to more than 5,500 cubic meters per second, providing more than 20 billion cubic meters of water a year for the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.三峡水库每年枯水季节下泄流量提高到5500立方米每秒以上，为长江中下游补水200多亿立方米。

By the end of August, the reservoir had provided replenishment for 2,267 days, with a total water supply of 289.4 billion cubic meters, optimizing production, living conditions and the ecology of the river's middle and lower reaches, the review said.截至2020年8月底累计补水2267天，补水总量2894亿立方米，改善了中下游地区生产、生活和生态用水条件。

【单词讲解】

这里的replenishment表示“the act of filling something up again by replacing what has been used”，也就是“补给；重新补足”等意思，比如：product replenishment（补货），Bone marrow plays an important role in the constant replenishment of red blood cells.（骨髓在持续补充红细胞方面发挥重要作用）。

▌生态与环境保护

Electricity produced by the power station was equivalent to that from burning 430 million metric tons of standard coal, leading to a significant reduction in carbon dioxide emissions.至2020年8月底，三峡电站发出的优质清洁电力能源相当于节约标准煤4.30亿吨，节能减排效益显著。

▌航运

The project has also significantly improved navigation conditions and bolstered shipping capacity and freight volume in the Yangtze, the review said. By August, some 1.48 billion tons of cargo had passed through the Three Gorges Dam, boosting development in the Yangtze's economic belt.三峡工程显著改善了川江航道通航条件，过闸货运量快速增长，截至2020年8月底，累计过闸货运量14.8亿吨，有力推动了长江经济带发展。

▌搬迁安置

The production and living environments of the 1.31 million people who were relocated to make way for the Three Gorges project have been greatly improved, and infrastructure and public service facilities in the reservoir area have developed rapidly, it said.131万搬迁安置移民生产生活状况显著改善，库区基础设施、公共服务设施实现跨越式发展。

水库 water reservoir

水荒 water scarcity

南水北调工程 South-North Water Diversion Project

蓄水工程 water conservancy projects

防洪抗旱体系 flood control and drought relief systems

农田灌溉工程 farmland irrigation projects

编辑：马文英

英文来源：中国日报 新华网

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