阅读理解长难句精读精析 每日一句：No.5

◎张同冰老师

【文本/原文】

On certain major event days, i.e. Australia Day, Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate. (来自2020年高考英语全国1卷阅读理解A篇)

【结构**】

这是一个简单句。

前面是一个很长的介词短语，表示时间On certain major event days, i.e. Australia Day, Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, 后面是主句部分special additional services may operate. 主语是 special additional services，谓语部分是may operate，由情态动词may与实义动词operate构成。

【重点词汇】

① certain

a.确实的,肯定的,无疑的;某些,某种;若干,一些;相信的;无可避免的;不多的

adj. 确定的；肯定的；某事；某人；某种；（与人名连用；表示不认识此人）一位叫...；特定的；轻微的；微小的

例句：

It's certain that every effect must have a cause.无疑，每个结果必定有其原因。

I can tell you for certain that I am always honest.我可以肯定地告诉你, 我一向是老实的。

Certain things are still open to discussion.有些事还需要商量。

A certain man will visit you tomorrow.明天某人将探访你。

For certain reasons I will be unable to attend the meeting.因为某种原因，我不能出席这次会议。

A certain Mr Brown telephoned while you were out.你出去的时候

To a certain extent, I'm in favor of your project.从某种程度上说，我赞成你的方案。

There was a certain coldness in her attitude towards me.她对我的态度有点儿冷淡。

②major

a.较大的；重要的；年长的

n.主修课程；专业学生；成年人；少校

vi.主修

例句：

The city holds the major portion of the population in the country.那个城市聚集了全国大部分人口。

Popular education is one of our major objectives.民众教育是我们的主要目标之一。

This quartet represents a major new trend in modern music.这首四重奏的曲子反映了现代音乐中一种主要的新趋向。

Majors should take more responsibilities and be more intelligent in handling personal relations.成年人要承担更多的责任,在处理人际关系中也要**更急灵活。

He is a history major.他是主修历史的学生。

International Business is my major.国际贸易时我的主修课。

I am a English major. 我是以英语为主科的学生。

＊用作动词 (v.)

She majored in maths and physics at university.她在大学期间主修数学和物理。

③ event

n.事件；结果；运动会中的一项竞赛

例句：

The event was an undoubted success.

这件事无疑是成功的。

The event was unofficially dubbed the `Woodstock of hip-hop'.

该活动被非正式地称为“嘻哈乐的伍德斯托克”。

The event has helped efface the country's traditional image.

该事件使这个国家的以往形象有所改观。

Olga did not win the all-round championship, the blue riband event.

奥尔加没有赢得全能冠军这一顶尖赛事。

④additional

a.额外的；补充的；附加的；添加的,追加的

Many of the additional features now cost extra.

现在许多的附加功能都要另外花钱。

The builders will have to strengthen the existing joists with additional timber.

施工人员将不得不另外用木料加固现有的托梁。

It is about time that the U.N. considers logistically deploying additional military resources.

现在该是**统筹考虑**部署**资源的时候了。

⑤operate

vi.运转；工作；动手术；起作用；发生影响；采取

[口语]进行非法交易

vt.操作；运转；经营；管理

例句：

How do accounting records operate?

账目是如何记录的？

Ceiling and wall lights can operate independently.

顶灯和壁灯能单独开关。

It's too difficult for him to operate this new sophisticated machine.对他来说，操作这台复杂的机器太难了。

The lift doesn't operate properly.这台电梯运转不正常。

They operate three factories and a huge warehouse.他们经营三家工厂和一个大仓库。

A large number of factories operate in the red.许多工厂都是负债经营。

The doctor began to operate on the boy.医生开始给那个男孩动手术。

The plan failed because the soldiers refused to co-operate.

由于士兵拒绝合作，计划失败了。

I wish you'd co-operate instead of sitting there sulking!

我希望你能够配合我们，而不是坐在那儿生闷气！

⑥【文化知识】

Australia Day 澳大利亚日1月27日： **，为纪念白人**澳大利亚的建国纪念日，（1788年，菲力浦船长宣布澳大利亚为英国领地）但在一些州，也以接近周末的周一、周五作为**节假。

澳大利亚日庆祝活动

Background（背景）

Australia Day marks the landing of the First Fleet, a convoy of 11 ships carrying convicts, at Port Jackson in January of 1788. This event represents the founding of the colony New South Wales.

In 1818, on the 30th anniversary of the founding of the colony, the Governor of New South Wales gave all government employees a holiday. He also celebrated the day with a 30-gun salute and a ball. In the following years, employees of banks and other organizations were also given holidays.

Initially, it was only New South Wales that celebrated the day, and it was known as First Landing Day or Foundation Day. In 1838, 50 years after the First Fleet arrived, Foundation Day was declared Australia's first public holiday in New South Wales.

By 1935, January 26 was known as Australia Day in all states except New South Wales, where it was still called Anniversary Day. From 1946, January 26 was called Australia Day in all states and territories, and since 1994, the Australia Day public holiday has been on January 26 throughout the country.

Because it marks the day of colonization, Aboriginal Australians often feel that the celebrations on Australia Day exclude them. The day has been renamed Invasion Day, and protests do appear side-by-side the celebrations.

In recent years, efforts have been made to make the holiday include all Australians, and in 2013, the Australian flag and Aboriginal flag were raised on the Sydney Harbour Bridge for the first time on Australia Day.

网站：https://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/australia/australia-day

⑦ ANZAC Day澳新军团日 4月25日

在澳大利亚，4月25日澳新军团日（ANZAC DAY）是个几乎与圣诞节和复活节相当的节日。自上世纪40年代起，澳洲同盟国的世界大战老兵及其后代、和平支持者就在澳新军团日举行规模..

On 25 April, a public holiday in Australia and New Zealand commemorating the Anzac landing at Gallipoli in 1915 澳新兵团日; 每年4月25日是澳大利亚和新西兰共同的节日，为了纪念1915年澳新兵团在加利波利的登陆。

About ANZAC Day（背景）

In the early months of 1915, World War I was raging in most of Europe, including the Ottoman empire in the geographical area that is now Turkey. Russian troops were fighting on many fronts, particularly against troops from Germany and the Ottoman and Austro -Hungarian empires. At dawn on April 25, 1915, forces from France, Great Britain, and the British Empire, including Australia and New Zealand, landed at a number of places on the Gallipoli peninsula. The campaign aimed to open up new fronts for the Allied forces and a trade route to Russia.

In the ensuing battle, many lives were lost on both sides and the Allied forces did not succeed in opening a trade route to Russia. The last ANZAC forces withdrew from the Gallipoli peninsula by December 20, 1915, in a succes**ul operation with very few casualties. In spite of their losses, the ANZAC servicemen and many Australians and New Zealanders saw this battle as the start of the ANZAC spirit. This is an Australasian ideal based on the “mateship” and cheerful suffering the forces showed during this campaign

ANZAC Day is also a public holiday and day of remembrance in New Zealand, the Cook Islands, Niue, Samoa, and Tonga. It is also commemorated with special services and events on or around April 25 in a range of countries across the globe. These include the United Kingdom, France, Turkey, Pa** New Guinea, Indonesia, Canada, and the United States (including Hawaii).

Note: Although ANZAC Day is on April 25, some states and territories have their own holiday arrangements for this day.

网站https://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/australia/anzac-day

【参考译文】

On certain major event days, i.e. Australia Day, Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate. 在某些重要活动日，即：“澳大利亚日”、“澳新军团日”、“体育文化日”，就会提供特别附加服务。

张同冰老师 2021-01-01 新年**