定语从句解读（定语从句的知识点总结）

这篇与我以前发的《极简英语语法，一图囊括所有》相映衬，是在其中一个支系的详细说明。

简单句，是三种从句句式之一，在总平面图中的部位以下：

定语从句的构造

• 先行词：被定语从句装饰的专有名词，或代词，或语句
  

• 关系词：关系代词或关系副词，that ，which，who，whose等，代指先行词，在从句中当做成份。

• 从句：起叙述或限制功效

他是必须协助的人。

最简方式是简单句He is the man，从句who needs help作定语装饰the man。

你一直在网上买的书明日到

最简方式是 The book will arrive, 从句that your ordered online装饰the book作定语。

1. 定语从句的种类——依据关系词归类

1.1 关系代词定语从句

1.1.1 关系代词特点

• 替代的先行词是人或物的专有名词或代词

• 在句中当做主语、宾语、定语等成份

• 关系代词在定语 从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的尊称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1.1.1 指人：who, whom, that, whose

• He is the man who/that wants to see you.

• The man whom I want to see is him.

• She was the girl whom/that I saw in the restaurant.

• A child whose father is lazy will be raised through widowed parenting. 有懒爸爸的小孩会被丧偶式育儿养大。

• I, from whom you will learn a lot, is a self-employed person. 我，一个使你未来学好很多东西的人，是一名自由职业。

• You are no longer the man that you used to be. 你不会再是吴下阿蒙。

1.1.2 指物: which, that, whose, of which

• He lives in a villa whose history is longer than his father. 他住在一座年纪比他爸爸还大的老独栋别墅里

• Above the the mountains are the clouds, whose exquisiteness is faithfully reflected by the lake. 山顶有星，其精美被水面忠实地展现。

• This is the pen whose owner is a talented student. 便是这支笔，它的主人家是尖子生。

• This is the pen (which) you want. 在从句中做宾语，可省去。

• This ship in which we crossed the strait is broken. 大家搭乘过亚欧的船是艘破船。

• The picture which is taken by me is professional. 我拍出来的相片很技术专业。

1.1.3 独特使用方法

1.1.3.1 只有用that 不能用which

先行词为everything， anything，all，little，much等不定代词时；

• Everything （that） the light touches is our kingdom. 凡太阳能映照的地方，就是大家的国家。

• Is there anything that I can do for you?

• Jenny told her mother all that had happened.

先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last装饰时；

• The only thing I expect of you is to love, and be loved in return.

先行词被序数词或修饰词最高级别装饰时；

• This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had.

• This is the first time that she love a boy so deep.

先行词有些人又有物时；

• There are 网people and goods and plane that can be transported to the recipient 20 minutes after the plane was landed. 飞机场运输的人与货品可在二十分钟内被装运至接待办。

当主句是以who或which开始的特殊疑问句时。

• Who is the girl that won the champion?

1.1.3.2 不能用that，只有用which

代词外置时；

• This is the teacher the son of whom is a famous doctor. 这就是孩子是名医的这位教师。

• China has many islands, the second largest of which is Hainan Island. 我国许多海岛，在其中第二大的是海南。

• Is that the new media for which you often write articles?这就是你常常文章投稿的互联网媒体吗？

非限制网性定语从句中

先行词自身是that

• The clock is that which tells the time，时钟是用于表示时间的。

• The knife is that which is used to kill. 小刀是用于屠戮的。

1.2 关系副词定语从句

1.2.1 where =at, in, on which

• Beijing is the place where (in which) the capital of China is.

• He want to find the place where he worked 10 years ago.

1.2.1 why=for which

• This is the reason why (for which) he refused our offer.

• I do not know the reason why he failed.

1.2.3 when=during, in, on which

• By the time you arrive, we had waited for you for 2 hours. You are so late!

• There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 有时候你迫不得已妥协。

• I still remember the time when I met her for the first time. She was so young and so beautiful. 还记得小苹初遇，两重心点字罗衣。

• Every time when you go away, you take a piece of me with you. 歌曲歌词

2. 依据从句效应归类

2.1 限定性定语从句

2.1.1 特性

• 从句对被装饰的先行词有限制牵制功效，使本词的含意更实际，更确立。

• 不可以被省去，不然句意也不详细

• 绝大多数定语从句全是限定性的

2.2.2 词组

• This is the boy you are looking for.

• I lost my heart in the girl in which I fall in love last time.

• She was the girl whom/that I saw in the restaurant.

• Here is somebody who wants to speak to you.

2.2 非限定性定语从句

2.2.1 特性

• 解释说明功效

• 从句被省去后，句意详细

2.2.2 词组

• I like singing for the very reason that(for which) she dis网likes it. 我喜欢唱歌，根据一样的缘故，她讨厌。

• He has a brother who works in Google. 他有一个在Google工作中的弟兄。（大家不清楚他几个弟兄，可是毫无疑问有一个在Google工作中，补充说明）

• His wife, who loved him very much, went to see him. 他的老婆，爱她至深，赶过去看他。

• An loquat tree in the yard, which I planted in the year my wife died, is like a canopy now. 庭有枇杷树,吾妻死之时所手植也,今已亭亭如盖矣