我们知道,which作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,同时我们也要知道作为关联词的which还可以引导名词从句,而此时的which可以理解为省略了先行词的关联词,即相当于【名词+which】的结构;也可以相当于【whichever】的结构。
至于which引导名词从句的具体名称——有的说是【缩合连接代词】,有的不明确地说是【(省略了先行词的)关系代词】,这里不做讨论,我们看以下具体实例。
《文馨当代英汉词典》第2041页which词条
You may take which (of the books) you like.
你可以拿你喜爱的任何东西(书)。
《英汉多功能学习词典》第1636页which词条
Pick which you like from those books. 在那些书里挑你喜欢的。
《英汉多功能词典》(外研社 双色版)第2429页which词条
which(包含先行词)任何哪一个
You may choose which you want. 你可以选择想要的任何一个。
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第八版第1675页question词条3
question (of sth)(待讨论或处理的)事情,议题,课题
Which route is better remains an open question (= it is not decided).
哪条路线较好还没有定论。
《英汉大词典》(第二版)第2324页which词条
Here are three boxes. Choose which you like best.
这里有三只箱子,随你挑一个你最喜欢的。
You should vote for which candidate you think best.
你应投票选举你最中意的那个候选人。
Try which method he pleased, he could not succeed.
他不管试哪个方法都不可能成功。
《薄冰英语用法问答》1144例第247页
You can take which you like.
(which = any one that,从句只可用like, choose, please, want, wish等动词)
《现代英语用法词典》(修订版)第1814页which词条
You may have which apple you like.
Choose which appeals to you.
You may select which you like.
Use which method you prefer.
Pick out which toy you would like to have.
which间或用来表示“不管哪个”,意思和whichever差不多:
Run which way you will, you won’t escape.
which引导名词从句的这个用法——出现比较少,记忆中高考并没有涉及到,可不必讲给目前的高中学生。